Trauma is the leading cause of death, hospitalization, and disability in the world. Trauma causes 10% of global mortality and it is responsible for 90% of mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LIMCs). Today, trauma is one of the important issues in public health that should be given more attention in the health care system, because not only thousands of deaths and millions of injuries occur due to various trauma annually, but also it imposes direct and indirect socio-economic costs on the health care system of communities and individuals. Iran as a middle-income developing country faces a high mortality and morbidity rate due to trauma. In Iran, after cardiovascular disease as the first cause of death, road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the second cause of mortality. The rate of mortality related to RTAs is higher Eastern Mediterranean region, with 30 deaths per 100,000 people in Iran Mediterranean compared with 14 deaths per 100,000 people in the EMR, and it has been unfortunately increasing during recent years.